Výpočet bezpečnostní přirážky a úloha směrodatné odchylky v aktuárské praxi

The insurance practice, since its beginning, was based on many numerical entries. It was neces-sary to analyse these entries and, of course, apply to relevant formulas – especially for calculation of final premium. At the present time, on the face of insurance market, it is evident, that the role of statistics and actuarial mathematics is in this area growing up.For this article purposes, it is necessary, to explain the term of gross-premium. It is de facto the price of insurance coverage, sometimes called simply „premium“. The gross-premium consists mostly of net-premium, safety loading, administrative expenses and the estimated profit.The safety loading should in a way cover the fluctuations of loss experience. For the insurer are these fluctuations undesirable effect and it is necessary to correct it. The safety loading is one of the sources by reserve creation for buffering extraordinary risks (sometimes called „fluctuation reserve“). The fluctuation reserve is also one of the insurance reserves figuring within the non-life insurance.There are two ways of calculating of safety loading:• implicate way – uses conservative computing methods, which make it advantageous for the insurer,• explicit way – uses the net-premium as a base for computing of safety loading – it is taken into account the grade of past loss experience. This way is currently very popular and very often used.On the base of illustrated examples is easier to clarify the role of safety loading (and also the role of standard deviation) in the Czech insurance market. The future net-premium is designed in the amount of arithmetic average of past loss ratio. On the base of these data is also calculated the safety loading (using the relevant standard deviation formula).At the end of the article it is necessary to say that the role of standard deviation in insurance practice is important, which is shown through the examples relative to Czech insurance market.