České zemědělství v procesu integrace

The paper deals with the problems of Czech agriculture in the transition and integration pro-cess. These processes established new conditions and every brunches of Czech economy had to adapt to them. Already from the beginning of integration processes leading to the creation of the EU, the common agricultural policy was the most expensive, the most debated and also the most criticized policy. In this paper, a development of essential selected economic indicators of the Czech agriculture is analyzed and compared. The attention is paid to an observation of main determinants influencing the development of employment, average wages, productivity of labour, size of agricultural produc-tion, agricultural products‘ prices and prices of agricultural inputs over the years 1990 - 2005 and the development of total the expenditures to the agrarian policy during 2000 - 2005. The Czech agriculture noticed the rapid decline of employment during the period under consi-deration. That was caused mainly due to changes of property-law relations in the process of trans-formation, changes in preferences within the realization of the common agricultural policy and also due to constantly continuing marked disparity in the development of wages in agriculture and in other brunches. Considerably fast departure of workers from agriculture was also a reason of mushrooming of productivity of labour. Gross agricultural production recorded mainly downtrend. For main causations it can be considered political-economic changes in the first half of 90th, de-velopment of business cycle in the CR and not least natural conditions (floods, extreme droughts and weather conditions). During the monitored years 1990 - 2005 happened to an opening of the price gap, that means prices of agricultural inputs was growing faster than agricultural products‘ prices, that negatively takes effect on economic result of agricultural enterprises. In term of the total expenditures to the agrarian policy, direct payments have markedly grown after the entrance of the CR into the EU. On the contrary, expenditures for market organizations have the least por-tion on the total expenditures, what is by reason of larger market competitiveness positive trend. Effectiveness of agricultural subsidies is possible to evaluate as far as in the longer term.